Psychological Aspects of Violence against Women: A Quantitative Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.558066961Keywords:
Violence, Psychological, Domestic, Women, Household, Family, FinanceAbstract
This paper aims to examine the severity of psychological violence against women in rural and urban areas of Muzaffarabad. A quantitative research design was employed, and a cross-sectional research method was used. A sample of 600 households was determined through the Taro Yamane formula, in which 300 respondents were selected from each rural and urban area on the household level by using a non-probability, convenient sampling technique. For the target population, married women aged 19-61 and above were interviewed through a well-structured quantitative questionnaire designed on a Likert scale. The study concluded that psychological violence against women is found in urban and rural areas in terms of mild and moderate psychological violence, while a high and higher ratio of psychological violence is less likely to be found. Hence, it is argued that psychological violence against women exists in society.
Downloads
References
Aghtaie, N. (2016). Iranian Women's Perspectives on Violence against Women in Iran and the UK. Iranian Studies, 49(4), 593-611. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2015.1017970.
Akrim, F., Mahmood, T., Hussain, R., Qasim, S., & Zangi, I. (2017). Distribution pattern, population estimation and threats to the Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 9(3), 9920-9927. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2914.9.3.9920-9927
Ali, S. (2017). Women of North Pakistan in the Line of Domestic Violence. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 7, 34-38.
Asavei, M. A. (2019). The art and politics of imagination: Remembering mass violence against women. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 22(5), 618-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2019.1565704
Bhattacharjee, A., & Banda, S. (2016). Domestic violence against women: The socioeconomic scenario. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 7(7), 765-768. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijhw/article/view/120187
Bird, R. M., & Vaillancourt, F. (Eds.). (2008). Fiscal decentralization in developing countries. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Charles, S. (2011). Obstetricians and violence against women. The American Journal of Bioethics, 11(12), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2011.623813
Cooper, L., Anaf, J., & Bowden, M. (2006). Contested concepts in violence against women: ‘Intimate’, ‘Domestic’ or ‘Torture’? Australian Social Work, 59(3), 314-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124070600833261
Flood, M. (2015). Work with men to end violence against women: A critical stocktake. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 17(sup2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2015.1070435
Gordon, S. F. (2017). Narratives of resistance and resilience: Exploring stories of violence against women. Agenda, 31(2), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2017.1366181
Hagemann‐White, C. (2008). Measuring progress in addressing violence against women across Europe. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 32(2), 149-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2008.9678784
Janzen, C. (2018). Safe distances and unbearable closeness: Cliche representations of violence against women in Canada. Continuum, 32(6), 808-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1515344
Keating, B. (2015). Violence against women: A disciplinary debate and challenge. The Sociological Quarterly, 56(1), 108-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12075
Kedir, A., & Admasachew, L. (2010). Violence against women in Ethiopia. Gender, Place & Culture, 17(4), 437-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2010.485832
Kocacık, F., Kutlar, A., & Erselcan, F. (2007). Domestic violence against women: A field study in Turkey. The Social Science Journal, 44(4), 687-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2007.10.016
Lau, U., & Stevens, G. (2010). Exploring the psychological exteriority and interiority of men's violence against women. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 20(4), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820420
Leidig, M. W. (1992). The continuum of violence against women: Psychological and physical consequences. Journal of American College Health, 40(4), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1992.9936276
Lewis, R., Rowe, M., & Wiper, C. (2017). Online abuse of feminists as an emerging form of violence against women and girls. British journal of criminology, 57(6), 1462-1481. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azw073
Liu, Y., & Fullerton, T. M. (2015). Evidence from Mexico on social status and violence against women. Applied Economics, 47(40), 4260-4274. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1026588
Macintyre, M. (2012). Confronting violence against women. Anthropology Now, 4(2), 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/19492901.2012.11728366
Mavrikiou, P. M., Apostolidou, M., & Parlalis, S. K. (2014). Risk factors for the prevalence of domestic violence against women in Cyprus. The Social Science Journal, 51(2), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2014.02.002
Paudel, G. S. (2007). Domestic violence against women in Nepal. Gender, Technology and Development, 11(2), 199-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/097185240701100204
Phipps, A., & Smith, G. (2012). Violence against women students in the UK: Time to take action. Gender and Education, 24(4), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2011.628928
Purkayastha, B., & Yousaf, F. N. (2018). Human trafficking: trade for sex, labor, and organs: John Wiley & Sons.
Raghavendra, S., Duvvury, N., & Ashe, S. (2017). The Macroeconomic Loss due to Violence Against Women: The Case of Vietnam. Feminist Economics, 23(4), 62-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2017.1330546
Rashid, T., & Chauhan, K. (2015). Violence Against Women (VAW) in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK): Explorations in the Role of Police Department. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(11), 43-56. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2709115
Schneider, P., & Carroll, D. (2020). Conceptualizing more inclusive elections: violence against women in elections and gendered electoral violence. Policy Studies, 41(2-3), 172-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1694651
Simons, M., & Morgan, J. (2018). Changing Media Coverage of Violence Against Women. Journalism Studies, 19(8), 1202-1217. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2016.1266279
Singh, R. N., Hurley, D., & Singh, D. (2017). Towards identifying and ranking selected types of violence against women in North India. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 41(1-2), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2016.1212246
Tam, D. M. Y., Dawson, M., Jackson, M., Kwok, S.-M., & Thurston, W. E. (2013). Comparing criminal justice responses to violence against women in Canada and China. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 23(2), 106-120. https://doi.org/:10.1080/02185385.2013.793020
UNESCO. (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response.
Vetten, L. (2016). Unintended complicities: preventing violence against women in South Africa. Gender & Development, 24(2), 291-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2016.1194560
Wariyatun, W. (2019). Creating zero tolerance for violence against women. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 25(3), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2019.1638047
Winkvist, A., & Akhtar, H. Z. (2000). God should give daughters to rich families only: Attitudes towards childbearing among low-income women in Punjab, Pakistan. Social Science & Medicine, 51(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00440-2
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Farooq Abdullah, Feroz Usmani, Muhammad Shoaib
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.