Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Role of Public Sector Institutions: An Exploratory Study from District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.159389822Keywords:
Intellectual Disability, Intellectual Functioning, Role of Public Sector Institutions, Children with Intellectual DisabilitiesAbstract
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which are expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The intellectual disability normally originates from the age of 18 years and restricted learning activity, including acute deficiency or restrictions in individual expertise in numerous fields such as cognitive, language, motor, psycho- social, and particular functioning of everyday living. People with intellectual disabilities have to face a lot of discrimination in Pakistan due to inadequate involvement of the public and private sectors. Keeping in consideration the importance and sensitive nature of the issue, the present exploratory study aims to understand the role of public sector institutions regarding children with intellectual disabilities in district Lahore. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with managers of different public sector institutions. The results presented through thematic analysis, and findings highlighted that several gaps existed in services, such as lack of proper mechanisms in the institutions, absence or pathetic check and balance, professional practitioners, training and guidelines, poor and inappropriate infrastructure, and limited participation in sports and extracurricular activities. The study strongly recommended that there should be a review and strict enforcement of policies, awareness among parents, and effective rehabilitation is necessary.
References
Almalki, S., Alqabbani, A., & Alnahdi, G. (2021). Challenges to parental involvement in transition planning for children with intellectual disabilities: The perspective of special education teachers in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103872
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Apukhtina, V., Neoh, M. J. Y., Dimitriou, D., Soloviova, T., & Esposito, G. (2023). Implementation of speech therapy with persons with intellectual disabilities in Ukraine during May–June 2022. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 132, 104376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104376
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674224575
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental process. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models for human development (5th ed., pp. 993- 1028). New York: John Wiley.
Collins, P. Y., Pringle, B., Alexander, C., Darmstadt, G. L., Heymann, J., Huebner, G., Kutlesic, V., Polk, C., Sherr, L., Shih, A., Sretenov, D., & Zindel, M. (2017). Global services and support for children with developmental delays and disabilities: Bridging research and policy gaps. PLOS Medicine, 14(9), e1002393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002393
Ede, M. O., Okeke, C. I., & Obiweluozo, P. E. (2023). Intervention for Treating Depression in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability of Down’s Syndrome: A Sample of Nigerian Parents. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 41, 511–535 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00471-1
Hayden, N. K., Hastings, R. P., & Bailey, T. (2023). Behavioural adjustment of children with intellectual disability and their sibling is associated with their sibling relationship quality. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 67(4), 310-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.13006
Hoytema van Konijnenburg, E. M. M., Wortmann, S. B., & Koelewijn, M. et al. (2021). Treatable inherited metabolic disorders causing intellectual disability: 2021 review and digital app. Orphanet J Rare Dis 16, 170 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-021-01727-2
Kamaludin, N. N., Muhamad, R., Mat Yudin, Z., & Zakaria, R. (2022). Barriers and concerns in providing sex education among children with intellectual disabilities: Experiences from Malay mothers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031070
McCoy, D. C., Peet, E. D., Ezzati, M., Danaei, G., Black, M. M., Sudfeld, C. R., Fawzi, W., & Fink, G. (2016). Early Childhood Developmental Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: National, Regional, and Global Prevalence Estimates Using Predictive Modeling. PLOS Medicine, 13(6), e1002034. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002034
Opoku, M. P., Nketsia, W., Banye, M. A., Mprah, W. K., Dogbe, J. A., & Badu, E. (2020). Caregiving experiences and expectations of parents with in-school children with intellectual disability in Ghana. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 96, 103524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103524
Ozkan, Z., & Kale, R. (2023). Investigation of the effects of physical education activities on motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 69(4), 578-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2021.1978267
Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2014). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers (2nd ed.). London: Sage. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/qualitative-research-practice/book237434
Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Bradley, V. J., Buntinx, W. H. E., Coulter, D. I., Craig, E. M., & Shogren, K. A. (2010). Intellectual disability. Definition, classification, and systems of support. Washington, DC: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. https://www.aaidd.org/publications/bookstore-home/product-listing/intellectual-disability-definition-diagnosis-classification-and-systems-of-supports-12th-edition
Staunton, E., Kehoe, C., & Sharkey, L. (2023). Families under pressure: Stress and quality of life in parents of children with an intellectual disability. Irish journal of psychological medicine, 40(2), 192-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.4
Ugwuanyi, L.T., Ede, M.O., Agbigwe, I.B. (2023) Effect of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability. J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther 41, 128–143 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-022-00454-2
Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Vaeyens, R., Pion, J., Matthys, S., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2012). Relationship between sports participation and the level of motor coordination in childhood: A longitudinal approach. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(3), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.09.006
Wang, A., Bu, D., Yu, S., Sun, Y., Wang, J., Lee, T. C. T., ... & Gao, Y. (2022). Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention for obesity, health-related physical fitness, and blood pressure in children with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912015
Yoo, A., Kim, M., Ross, M. M., Vaughn-Lee, A., Butler, B., & dosReis, S. (2018). Engaging Caregivers in the Treatment of Youth with Complex Developmental and Mental Health Needs. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 45(3), 440–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9604-0
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Khadija T. Khan, Muhammad Arshad, Afzaal Afzal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
