Is Pakistan's Financial Distress Guilty of Accounting Misrepresentation? A Manager's Mediating Role Due to Overconfidence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.003525438Keywords:
Managerial Overconfidence, Accounting Misrepresentation, Financial Distress, FGLSAbstract
This study's main goal is to determine the connection between accounting misrepresentation, managerial overconfidence, and financial distress among managers. Research indicates that there is a considerable correlation between financial distress and accounting misrepresentation. This problem has two aspects. Firstly, the management is under pressure to show the business's performance anytime there is financial trouble, but in reality, the business's performance deteriorates as a result of the financial distress. Stated differently, managers tend to manipulate their financial records at times of high uncertainty in order to win over the trust of their stakeholders and shareholders. Finally, the possibility of accounting fraud materializes if the firm's assessments, which are intended to avert charges of incapacity, are not met. A panel data regression model will be utilized to perform an empirical analysis of the hypothesis. For this study, panel data regression analysis was selected because it provides thorough insights into both cross-sectional and time-series data. The dataset includes data from 30 Pakistani companies that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, selected to represent a sample of the country's economy between 2010 and 2022. The study lays the groundwork for future investigations by recommending the use of corporate governance to control financial distress, managerial overconfidence, and accounting misstatement.
References
Abbas, F., Iqbal, S., & Aziz, B. (2019). The impact of bank capital, bank liquidity and credit risk on profitability in postcrisis period: a comparative study of US and Asia. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1605683. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1605683
Abdullah, M. D., Ardiansah, M. N., & Hamidah, N. (2017). The effect of company size, company age, public ownership and audit quality on internet financial reporting. SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS, 153-166. https://doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v1i2.153-166
Abdullah, S. N., Yusof, N. Z. M., & Nor, M. N. M. (2010). Financial restatements and corporate governance among Malaysian listed companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(6), 526-552. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686901011054854
Ahmadi, Y., Banimahd, B., Talebnia, G., & Pourzamani, Z. (2020). The Effect of Earnings Management on the Relationship between Earnings Forecast Error and Earning Persistence: Test of Management Overconfidence Theory. International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 5(19), 99-115. https://ijfma.srbiau.ac.ir/article_16892.html
Ahmed, A. S., & DUELLMAN, S. (2012). Managerial overconfidence and accounting conservatism. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2012.00467.x
Aier, J. K., Comprix, J., Gunlock, M. T., & Lee, D. (2005). The financial expertise of CFOs and accounting restatements. Accounting Horizons, 19(3), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2005.19.3.123
Amel-Zadeh, A., & Zhang, Y. (2014). The economic consequences of financial restatements: Evidence from the market for corporate control. The Accounting Review, 90(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50869
Aviantara, R. (2021). Scoring the financial distress and the financial statement fraud of Garuda Indonesia with «DDCC» as the financial solutions. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-01-2020-0017
Azhari, N. A., Hasnan, S., & Sanusi, Z. M. (2020). The relationships between managerial overconfidence, audit committee, CEO duality and audit quality and accounting misstatements. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(3), 18. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n3p18
Aziz, N. I. M. (2017). Islamic Banking Profitability: Roles played by Internal and External Banking Factors. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 23-38.
Aziz, O. G., & Knutsen, J. (2019). The banks profitability and economic freedom quality: empirical evidence from Arab economies. Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, 1(11), 96-110.
Campa, D., & Camacho-Miñano, M. (2015). The impact of SME’s pre-bankruptcy financial distress on earnings management tools. International Review of Financial Analysis, 42, 222-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.07.004
Chakravarthy, J., DeHaan, E., & Rajgopal, S. (2014). Reputation repair after a serious restatement. The Accounting Review, 89(4), 1329-1363. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50716
Dechow, P. M., Ge, W., Larson, C. R., & Sloan, R. G. (2011). Predicting material accounting misstatements. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(1), 17-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01041.x
Gul, F. A., Khedmati, M., Lim, E. K., & Navissi, F. (2017). Managerial ability, financial distress, and audit fees. Accounting Horizons, 32(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51888
Gul, N., Qureshi, I. M., Elahi, A., & Rasool, I. (2018). Defense against malicious users in cooperative spectrum sensing using genetic algorithm. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2018, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2346317
Hasnan, S., Mohd Razali, M. H., & Mohamed Hussain, A. R. (2020). The effect of corporate governance and firm-specific characteristics on the incidence of financial restatement. Journal of Financial Crime, 28(1), 244-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-06-2020-0103
Hennes, K. M., Leone, A. J., & Miller, B. P. (2008). The importance of distinguishing errors from irregularities in restatement research: The case of restatements and CEO/CFO turnover. The Accounting Review, 83(6), 1487-1519. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.6.1487
Hussain, A., Hasnan, S., Sanusi, Z., & Mahenthiran, S. (2016). Accounting misstatements and monitoring mechanisms: A literature review. Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 3(1), 32-44.
Hwang, Y., Hwang, M., & Dong, X. (2015). The relationships among firm size, innovation type, and export performance with regard to time spans. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(5), 947-962. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2015.1061386
Indracahya, E., & Faisol, D. A. (2017). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Elemets, Leverage, Firm Age, Company Size and Profitability On Earning Management. Profita, 10(2), 203-227.
Latif, A. S., & Abdullah, F. (2015). The effectiveness of corporate governance in constraining earnings management in Pakistan. THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 20(1), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2015.v20.i1.a5
Lau, C. K., & Ooi, K. W. (2016). A case study on fraudulent financial reporting: evidence from Malaysia. Accounting Research Journal, 29(1), 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2013-0084
Li, Y., Li, X., Xiang, E., & Geri Djajadikerta, H. (2020). Financial distress, internal control, and earnings management: Evidence from China. Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 16(3), 100210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2020.100210
Malmendier, U., Tate, G., & Yan, J. (2011). Overconfidence and early‐life experiences: The effect of managerial traits on corporate financial policies. The Journal of Finance, 66(5), 1687-1733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01685.x
Mao, Y. (2018). Financial restatement research literature review. Modern Economy, 09(12), 2092-2103. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2018.912130
Merani, S., & Taheri, M. (2018). Managerial overconfidence and earning forecast errors. Empirical Research in Accounting, 7(4), 147-164.
Mitra, S., Jaggi, B., & Al-Hayale, T. (2018). Managerial overconfidence, ability, firm-governance and audit fees. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 52(3), 841-870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-018-0728-3
Moradi, M., Salehi, M., Najari, M. J. R. J. o. A. S., Engineering, & Technology. (2012). A study of the effective variables on earning management: Iranian evidence. 4(17), 3088-3094.
Murhadi, W. R. J. A. a. S. (2010). Good corporate governance and earning management practices: An Indonesian cases. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1680186
Nanda, S. T., Zenita, R., Salimiah, N., & Adino, I. (2022). E earning management: The effect of management overconfidence and corporate governance. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 19(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.31849/jieb.v19i1.7588
Presley, T. J., & Abbott, L. J. (2013). AIA submission: CEO overconfidence and the incidence of financial restatement. Advances in Accounting, 29(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2013.03.007
Rahmah, E. D. D., & Iskandar, Y. (2021). The Effect of Profitability and Financial Risk on Earning Management of Mobile Telecommunication Operators That Registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015-2018. Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings, 362-368. https://doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2021.1041
Ranjbar, S., & Farsad Amanollahi, G. (2018). The effect of financial distress on earnings management and unpredicted net earnings in companies listed on Tehran stock exchange. Management Science Letters, 933-938. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.6.015
Rashid, M., Al-Mamun, A., Roudaki, H., & Yasser, Q. R. (2022). An overview of corporate fraud and its
prevention approach. Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal, 16(1), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v16i1.7
Rockwell, R. C. (1975). Assessment of multicollinearity. Sociological Methods & Research, 3(3), 308-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417500300304
Salehi, M., Lari DashtBayaz, M., Hassanpour, S., & Tarighi, H. (2020). The effect of managerial overconfidence on the conditional conservatism and real earnings management. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 11(3), 708-720. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2017-0030
Shekarkhah, J., Nikravesh, M., & Adlzadeh, M. (2019a). Managerial overconfidence and financial restatement. International Journal of Economic Research, 16(2), 349-358.
Shima, K., & Nakamura, J. (2018). Managerial overconfidence, conservative accounting and corporate investment. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203187
Verschoor, C. C. (2014). Fraud continues to cause significant losses. Strategic Finance, 96(2), 11-14.
Wu, P., Gao, L., Chen, Z., & Li, X. (2016). Managing reputation loss in China: in-depth analyses of financial restatements. Chinese Management Studies, 10(2), 312–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-12-2015-0275
Yin, H., & Sun, M. (2021). A financial restatement, media attention and stock idiosyncratic risk in the Chinese stock market. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(7), 1719–1741. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2020-0924
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sehar Asif, Mujahid Shahzad, Ubaid-Ur- Rehman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.