Diverse Applications of the Case Markers: Urdu Ko and Punjabi Nun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.280176732Keywords:
Case Markers, Urdu ko, Punjabi nun, Pakistan, India, Aryan LanguagesAbstract
All the Indo-Aryan languages including Urdu and Punjabi use case markers to express the multiple semantic usages of the languages. The present study investigates the variant semantic functions of Urdu ko and Punjabi nun. It aims at the description as well as the analysis of the study samples that show the differing application of Urdu ko and Punjabi nun. Qualitative methodology is used to state the spatial as well as non -spatial usages of the case markers. The results show that the case marker ko and nun mark the accusative as well as dative. These are also used to show a few other temporal and spatial applications.
References
Allen, W. S. (1951). A study in the analysis of Hindi sentence-structure. Acta Linguistica, 6(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1951.10410875.
Bashir, E. (1999). The Urdu and Hindi Ergative Postposition ne: Its Changing Role in the Grammar. In R. Singh (ed.) The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. (pp. 11 36). New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Beames, J. (1872 79). A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
Blake, B. (2001). Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Butt, M. & King, T. H. (2005). The Status of Case. In Clause Structure in South Asian Languages. In V. Dayal& A. Mahajan (ed.) Berlin: Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
Butt, M. & Tracy, H. K. (1991). Semantic Case in Urdu. In Papers from the 27th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, ed. Lisa Dobrin, Lynn Nichols, and Rosa M. Rodriguez, 31–45.
Butt, M. (1993). Object Specificity and Agreement in Hindi/Urdu. In Papers from the 29th
Regional Meeting of the Chicgo Linguistic Society, 80–103.
Butt, M. (2005). The Dative-Ergative Connection. In P.Cabredo-Hofherr (ed.)
Proceedings of the Colloque Syntax-Semantique Paris (CSSP).
Butt, M., Scott. G. & Khan, T. A. (2006). Dative Subjects. Presentation at NWO/DFG Workshop on Optimal Sentence Processing, Nijmegen.
Croft, W. (1991). Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations: The Cognitive
Organization of Information. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Durrani, N. (2016). System for Grammatical relations in Urdu. FAST, NUCES: Lahore
Grimm, S. (2005). The Lattice of Case and Agency. MSc Thesis, Universiteit van
Amsterdam.
Idan, L. (2005). The Locative Syntax of Experiencers.
Ms. http://www.bgu.ac.il/~idanl/files/psych.July05.pdf
Iqbal, M. & Mangrio, A. R. (2016). Punjabi Nun and Urdu ko: A Morpho-semantic analysis; Center for languages and translational studies.
McGregor, R. S. (1972). Outline of Hindi Grammar: With Exercises. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mirza, B. A. (1988). Urdu Grammar: History and Structure. New Delhi: Bahri
Publications.
Mohanan, T. (1994). Argument Structure in Hindi. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
Pandharipande, R. (1990). Experiencer (Dative) NPs in Marathi, In M. K. Verma and K. P. Mohanan, eds., Experiencer Subjects in South Asian Languages, CSLI, Stanford, CA, 161–180.
Platts, J. T. (1909). A Grammar of the Hindustani or Urdu Language, Crosby Lockwood and
Son, London. Republished 2002. Sang-meel Publications, Lahore.
Saksena, A. (1982). Topics in the Analysis of Causatives with an Account of Hindi
Paradigms, University of California Press.
Singh, M. (1994). Perfectivity, Definiteness and Specifity: A Classification of Verbal Predicates in Hindi. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Komal Shahzadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
