Exploring Socio-economic and Physical Causes of Breast Cancer: A Case Study of Irnum Hospital Peshawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjss.860546847Keywords:
Breast cancer, breast self-examination, mammography, PostmenopausalAbstract
The main theme of this study is to find out the social factors contributing to BC. This study was conducted in IRNUM hospital Peshawar. A sample size of 60 respondents (BC patients) was randomly selected in the selected hospital. The study was analyzed by SPSS descriptive analyses were performed for the frequency and of the data. Results of the study disclosed that the lack of better health services and the unavailability of government BC hospitals is one of the major reasons for BC. Likewise, the delayed availability of medicine by government hospitals is leading to BC. In addition, the selection of low-standard hospitals due to poor economic background is also a contributing factor to BC. The study concluded that the major sociological causes of BC are a lack of awareness regarding BC, obesity and socio-economic status.Improving the physical conditions of government hospitals, awareness campaigns regarding BC,providing basic facilities and provision of different medical equipment are some of the recommendations of the study findings.
Downloads
References
Dean, L. T., Gehlert, S., Neuhouser, M. L., Oh, A., Zanetti, K., Goodman, M., . . . Schmitz, K. H. (2018). Social factors matter in cancer risk and survivorship. Cancer Causes & Control, 29(7), 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1043-y
Ewertz, M., Gillanders, S., Meyer, L., & Zedeler, K. (1991). Survival of breast cancer patients in relation to factors which affect the risk of developing breast cancer. International journal of cancer, 49(4), 526-530. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910490409
Gilani, S. I., Khurram, M., Mazhar, T., Mir, S. T., Ali, S., Tariq, S., & Malik, A. Z. (2010). Knowledge, attitude and practice of a Pakistani female cohort towards breast cancer. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 60(3), 205-208.
Lorincz, A., & Sukumar, S. (2006). Molecular links between obesity and breast cancer. Endocrine-related cancer, 13(2), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.00729
Masood, I., Saleem, A., Hassan, A., Sadeeqa, S., & Akbar, J. (2016). A quantitative study to assess breast cancer awareness among females in Bahawalpur Pakistan. Cogent Medicine, 3(1), 1236479. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205x.2016.1236479
Morimoto, L. M., White, E., Chen, Z., Chlebowski, R. T., Hays, J., Kuller, L., . . . Muti, P. C. (2002). Obesity, body size, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative (United States). Cancer Causes & Control, 13(8), 741-751.
Noreen, M., Murad, S., Furqan, M., Sultan, A., & Bloodsworth, P. (2015). Knowledge and awareness about breast cancer and its early symptoms among medical and non-medical students of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(3), 979-984. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.979
Rodriguez-Rincon, D., Leach, B., D’Angelo, C., Harshfield, A., & Manville, C. (2019). Factors affecting access to treatment of early breast cancer: Case studies from Brazil, Canada, Italy, Spain and the UK: Implications for future research, policy and practice. RAND Corporation EBooks. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr3010.4
Sarwar, M. Z., Sf, H. S., Yousaf, M., Qa, A., & Khan, S. A. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practices amongst the Pakistani females towards breast cancer screening programme. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 65(10), 1075–1078.
Tazhibi, M., & Feizi, A. (2014). Awareness Levels about Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Early Warning Signs, and Screening and Therapeutic Approaches among Iranian Adult Women: A large Population-Based Study Using Latent Class Analysis. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/306352
Wee, C. C., McCarthy, E. P., Davis, R. B., & Phillips, R. S. (2000). Screening for cervical and breast cancer: is obesity an unrecognized barrier to preventive care? Annals of internal medicine, 132(9), 697-704. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00003
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Javeria, Aman Ullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.