Geographic and Demographic Variations in Secondary School Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Attitude towards Teaching
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.551731306Keywords:
Teaching Attitudes, Secondary School Teachers, Educational Policy, Teacher SupportAbstract
This quantitative study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and secondary school teachers’ attitudes toward teaching in Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 560 public school educators completed the Job Satisfaction Scale for Teachers and the Questionnaire of Attitudes Towards the Teaching Profession. Descriptive statistics revealed moderately high mean satisfaction and positive outlooks on teaching overall, with minor variations by gender and locale. Rural female teachers showed significantly more favourable perspectives than urban counterparts. Correlational analysis indicated a robust positive correlation between job satisfaction and attitude toward teaching across demographic groups. Results align with existing evidence that multifaceted policies targeting sources of teacher dissatisfaction and unfavourable attitudes may simultaneously improve both constructs to enhance educational quality. Locality emerged as the most meaningful demographic distinction, suggesting differentiated supports for rural versus urban schools warrant consideration. Further localization of professional development initiatives also appears vital to bolstering provincial secondary instruction. Overall, findings underscore the interdependence of teacher job satisfaction and teaching perspectives while highlighting the instrumentation of tailored, context-specific interventions for maximizing vocational engagement and performance among Pakistani secondary teachers.
References
Ahmed, F., Muhammad, Y., & Anis, F. (2020). Developing secondary school teachers’ positive attitude towards reflective teaching: A collaborative action research study. Sir Syed Journal of Education & Social Research, 3(4), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(43-53)
Akhtar, S. N., Hashmi, M. A., & Naqvi, S. I. (2010). A comparative study of job satisfaction in public and private school teachers at secondary level. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4222-4228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.668
Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2015). Teachers’ views of their school climate and its relationship with teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Learning Environments Research, 19(2), 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-015-9198-x
Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2013). The effect of school principals' leadership styles on teachers' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(2), 806-811.
Bogler, R. (2001). The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(5), 662-683. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131610121969460
Bordhan, S. (2012a). A comparative study of job satisfaction and attitude towards education among male and female teachers of degree colleges. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 1.
Bordhan, S. (2012b). A comparative study of job satisfaction and attitude towards education among male and female teachers of degree colleges. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services and Management Research, 1(1), 81-86. http://ijopaar.com/files/CurrentIssue/D16103.pdf
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53(1), 279-307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135156
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students' academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of School Psychology, 44(6), 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.09.001
Chauhan, M. (2022). A study of job satisfaction of secondary school teachers of Gandhinagar district. International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages, 10(4), 1-5. https://www.raijmr.com/ijrsml/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJRSML_2022_vol10_issue_04_Eng_01.pdf
Dang, T. K. (2013). Identity in activity: Examining teacher professional identity formation in the paired-placement of student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 30, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.10.006
Davis, J., & Wilson, S. M. (2000). Principals' efforts to empower teachers: Effects on teacher motivation and job satisfaction and stress. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 73(6), 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650009599442
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2013). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice. McGraw Hill. https://www.mheducation.com/highered/product/educational-administration-theory-research-practice-hoy-miskel/M9780078024528.html
Hussain, S., Ali, R., Khan, M. S., Ramzan, M., & Qadeer, M. Z. (2011). An attitude of secondary school teachers towards the teaching profession. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 9850-9990. https://www.slideshare.net/nurnabihah1/attitude-of-secondary-school-teachers-towards
Izzati, U. A., Mulyana, O. P., Budiani, M. S., Puspitadewi, N. W. S., Salsabila, M., & Muljo, C. R. (2023). Job Satisfaction among Vocational High School Teachers by Demographics Factors In Educational Institutions. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 4(6), 931-943. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/search/article?articleId=3754030
Jayawardena, P., & Kappagoda, D. (2020). The impact of job satisfaction and organization commitment on organizational citizenship behaviour of public school teachers in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. International E-Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 7(9), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0709006
Kavitha, S., & Venkateswaran, R. (2015). Teaching Attitude and Job Satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 3(4), 1-6. https://www.shanlaxjournals.in/journals/index.php/education/article/view/2774
Kimengi, I. N. (1983). A Study of Secondary school teachers' attitudes towards teaching and their job satisfaction in Kenya University of Nairobi].
Klassen, R. M., Usher, E. L., & Bong, M. (2010). Teachers’ collective efficacy, job satisfaction, and job stress in cross-cultural context. The Journal of Experimental Education, 78(4), 464-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220970903292975
Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4(4), 309-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
Muazzam, H. A., Muhammad, Y., & Naseer, H. (2021). English language teachers' attitudes towards instructional policy in public secondary schools: An interview study. Global Educational Studies Review, VI(I), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2021(vi-i).03
Pas, E. T., Bradshaw, C. P., & Hershfeldt, P. A. (2012). Teacher- and school-level predictors of teacher efficacy and burnout: Identifying potential areas for support. Journal of School Psychology, 50(1), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2011.07.003
Patel, P. J., & Thakur, V. M. (2022). A Study of Job Satisfaction of High School Teachers. International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages, 10(2), 50-54. https://www.raijmr.com/ijrsml/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJRSML_2022_vol10_issue_04_Eng_01.pdf
Rauf, M., Akhtar, M. S., Iqbal, Z., & Malik, M. A. (2013). Relationship between morale and job satisfaction of subject specialists teaching in higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The Dialogue, 8(1), 69-83. https://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/8_1/Dialogue_January_March2013_69-83.pdf
Sahito, Z., & Vaisanen, P. (2017). Factors affecting job satisfaction of teacher educators: Empirical evidence from the Universities of Sindh Province of Pakistan. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 6(1), 5-30. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1215001.pdf
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2014). Teacher self-efficacy and perceived autonomy: Relations with teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion. Psychological Reports, 114(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.2466/14.02.pr0.114k14w0
Tahira, M., Muhammad, Y., & Masood, S. (2020). Early childhood teachers’ attitudes towards teacher-directed classroom management strategies in inclusive settings. Journal of Early Childhood Care and Education, 4(1), 37-60. https://doi.org/10.30971/jecce.v4i.439
Bazila, T., Maria, D., & Yaar M. (2020). Innovative teaching and technology integration: Exploring elderly teachers’ attitudes. International Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning, 5(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.36261/ijdeel.v5i1.789
Tran, V. D. (2015). Effects of gender on teachers’ perceptions of school environment, teaching efficacy, stress and job satisfaction. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v4n4p147
Üredi, L. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between Job Satisfaction Levels of the Teachers in Educational Institutions and Their Attitudes towards Teaching Profession. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(12), 175-182. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1140644.pdf
